附加問句: 對一件事先做明確的敍述, 然後在句尾加上的問句, 附加問句也是「Yes/ No」問句的一種。
附加問句的特點:
1.肯定直述句, 否定附加問句?
2.否定直述句, 肯定附加問句?
3.附加問句的主詞與直述句的主詞相同。
4.附加問句的主詞在後, 動詞或助動詞在前, 即主詞和動詞要倒裝。
5.通常否定附加問句的not 都與動詞或助動詞縮寫. 但「am I not」例外。
6.附加問句的主詞要用代名詞。
附加問句的句型應用:
1.Be 動詞型:附加問句的動詞, 以主詞對應的Be動詞為主。
直述句 |
附加問句 |
主詞+ is/ are . |
isn’t / aren’t + (與主詞對應之)代名詞？ |
主詞+ is / are + not |
is / are + (與主詞對應之) 代名詞 ？ |
主詞 + am |
am I not? / aren’t I ? |
主詞 + was/ were |
wasn’t / weren’t + (與主詞對應之)代名詞？ |
主詞 + wasn’t/ weren’t |
was/ were + (與主詞對應之)代名詞？ |
例1. He is tired. -> He is tired, isn’t he?
例2. The book was here before. -> The book was here before, wasn’t it?
例3. I am your good friend, am I not? / aren’t I?
練習1. The jacket is big.
練習2. She wasn’t happy.
練習3. I am excited,
參考答案:
練習1. The jacket is big. -> The jacket is big, isn’t it?
練習2. She wasn’t happy. -> She wasn’t happy, was she?
練習3. I am excited, aren’t I ?
2. 一般動詞型: 以助動詞輔助之。
一般動詞為現在式，則附加問句用 do 或does 代替。
一般動詞為過去式， 則附加問句用 did 代替。
直述句的動詞為情態助動詞, 附加問句的動詞用情態助動詞本身。
直述句 |
附加問句 |
主詞+ 現在式動詞 |
doesn’t / don’t + (與主詞對應之)代名詞？ |
主詞+ don’t / doesn’t+現在式動詞 |
do/does + (與主詞對應之) 代名詞 ？ |
主詞+ 過去式動詞 |
didn’t + (與主詞對應之)代名詞？ |
主詞 +didn’t + 動詞原形 |
did+ (與主詞對應之)代名詞？ |
情態助動詞 (can,may, will, should..) + 動詞原形 |
情態助動詞 + (與主詞對應之)代名詞？ |
例1. I work every day. -> I work every day, don't I ?
例2. Emily doesn't like fish, does she?
練習1. Tom read that book, ?
練習2. Joe went to the zoo last Sunday, ?
練習3. Sara can't ride a scooter, ?
參考答案:
練習1. Tom read that book, didn't he?
練習2. Joe went to the zoo last Sunday, didn't he?
練習3. Sara can't ride a scooter, can she? 3.直述句是There is (有)...， 則附加問句用isn't there?
直述句是There are (有)...， 則附加問句用aren't there?
直述句 |
附加問句 |
There is +單數可數名詞或不可數名詞… |
isn't there? |
There are + 複數可數名詞 |
aren't there? |
There isn't +單數可數名詞或不可數名詞… |
is there? |
There aren't + 複數可數名詞 |
are there? |
例1. There is a book on the desk, isn't there?
例2. There are some birds in the tree, aren't there?
練習1. There is a lion on the hill.
練習2. There aren't any students playing basketball in the playground.
參考答案:
練習1. There is a lion on the hill, isn't there?
練習2. There aren't any students playing basketball in the playground, are there?
4. 句中有have (has, had)
(1) have (has, had) 的後面接 p.p.時，have 當助動詞，附加問句用haven't (hasn't, hadn't) ...?
(2) have (has, had) 的後面沒有p.p.時，have 當一般動詞(有/ 吃喝)，
附加問句用don't (doesn't , didn't) ...?
(3) 句中有＂have (has, had) + 受詞 + p.p.“ 為被動語態，附加問句用don't (doesn't, didn't) ...?
直述句 |
附加問句 |
主詞 + have /has + p.p. …, |
haven't / has + (與主詞對應之)代名詞？ |
主詞 + haven't / hasn't +p.p. …, |
have +/ has (與主詞對應之)代名詞？ |
主詞 + have/ has + to (必須) + 原形動詞…, |
doesn't / don't + (與主詞對應之代名詞？ |
主詞 + haven't / hasn't + to 原形動詞 …, |
does / do + (與主詞對應之)代名詞？ |
例1. Tom has seen that movie, hasn't he?
例2. Mary has to go, doesn't she?
例3. Tom has(有) a new car, doesn't he?
例4. John has his clothes washed, doesn't he? (have為一般動詞。)
練習1. You have to help your mom, ?
參考答案:
練習1. You have to help your mom, don't you?
5. 祈使句的附加問句的句型:
直述句 |
附加問句 |
一般祈使句 (肯定句,否定句) |
will you? |
Let's + 原形動詞… |
shall we? |
Let's not + 原形動詞… |
all right/ OK? |
Let +某人 + 原形動詞… |
will you? |
Let me / us + 原形動詞… |
will you ? |
例1. Open the door for me, will you?
例2. Don't be late for class again, will you?
例3. Mother, let me go out and play basketball, will you?
例4. Let's have a look at the skirts in the window, shall we?
例5. Miss Li, have some coffee, won't you? (邀請)
練習1. Let us go home, ?
練習2. Let's go home, ?
練習3. Let him ride a bicycle, ?
參考答案:
練習1. Let us go home, will you?
練習2. Let's go home, shall we?
練習3. Let him ride a bicycle, will you?
6. 名詞子句， 副詞子句，和形容詞子句三大子句與附加問句無關，因此附加問句依據主要子句來附加。
直述句 |
附加問句 |
主要子句 (名詞子句,副詞子句,形容詞子句) + 從屬子句…, |
根據主要子句 |
I think/ believe/ guess/ be sure…, |
主詞, 動詞或助動詞根據名詞子句, 但肯定或否定則根據主要子句。 |
例1. I didn't tell you that you could behave like that, did I ? (名詞子句.)
例2. While Father was watching TV, Mother was cooking, wasn't she?（副詞子句.）
例3. I don't think (that ) he has ever been to New York, has he?
主要子句 名詞子句
例4. I am sure you will get the best grades in the exam, won't you?
主要子句 名詞子句
練習1. She hasn't decided whether she will go or not, ? (名詞子句。)
練習2. She doesn't know what gift we are going to buy for her, ? (名詞子句.)
練習3. If it rains tomorrow, we won't go on an outing, ? (副詞子句)
參考答案:
練習1. She hasn't decided whether she will go or not, has she? (名詞子句。)
練習2. She doesn't know what gift we are going to buy for her, does she? (名詞子句.)
練習3. If it rains tomorrow, we won't go on an outing, will we? (副詞子句)
7.帶有否定意味的句子，附加問句要用肯定。
直述句 |
附加問句 |
句中含有否定意義的字. (如 no, nothing, never, few, little, seldom, nobody, none, hardly…等等含有否定意味的字) |
肯定 |
例1. He made little money, did he?
例2. You have never been there, have you?
練習1. There is little water in the bottle, ?
參考答案:
練習1. There is little water in the bottle, is there?
8. 其他句型的附加問句:
直述句 |
附加問句 |
Too…to… |
用否定 |
Had better (最好) |
hadn't + (與主詞對應之代名詞)？ |
Would rather (寧願) |
wouldn't + (與主詞對應之代名詞)？ |
Used to (習慣於) |
didn't + (與主詞對應之代名詞)？ |
例1. Tom is too young to go to school, isn't he?
例2. You had better call a taxi, hadn't you?
9.直述句的主詞為不定代名詞,附加問句常用 it 或 they 做主詞
直述句的主詞 |
附加問句的主詞 |
this, that, 單數名詞, to V , V-ing. nothing,, everything, something. |
it |
these, those, 複數名詞 someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody |
they |
例1.That is your new English teacher, isn't it?
例2.Eating breakfast every day is important, isn't it?
例3. Everyone took test, didn't they?
例4. Nobody lives in this house, do they?
例5. These are your books, aren't they?
例6. Nothing bad happened, did it?
10. 回答附加問句時: , 不須理會附加問句的肯定或否定, 而是依直述句回答 Yes, No。
肯定的結果就用 Yes, 否定的結果就用 No。
例1.A: Coffee tastes bitter, doesn't it?
B: Yes, it does.
例2.A: She's a good teacher, isn't she?
B: Yes, she is.
